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In 1878, under the patronage of Leland Stanford, Eadweard Muybridge successfully photographed a horse named "Sallie Gardner" in fast motion with a series of 24 stereoscopic cameras. The experiment took place on June 11 in Palo Alto farm in California, attended the press. The cameras were arranged along a track parallel to the horse, and each of the windows of the chamber was controlled by a trip wire which was triggered by the horse's hooves. Were 21 inches apart to cover the 20-foot step taken by the horse, taking pictures in a millisecond [4].
Roundhay Garden Scene 1888, the first known celluloid film recorded.
The second experimental film, Roundhay Garden Scene, filmed by Louis Le Prince on October 14, 1888 in Roundhay, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom is now known as the oldest surviving movie.
On June 21, 1889, William Friese Greene, was issued patent no. 10 131 for their "chronophotographic 'camera. Was apparently able to take up to ten pictures per second using perforated celluloid film. A report on the camera was published in the British Photographic News on February 28, 1890. On March 18, Friese Greene, sent a clipping of the story of Thomas Edison, whose laboratory was the development of a theater system known as the Kinetoscope. The report was republished in Scientific American in April 19 [5]. Friese-Greene gave a public demonstration in 1890, but the frame rate low Combined with the apparent unreliability of the device does not make a good impression
In the Chicago World's Columbian Exposition in 1893, Muybridge gave a series lectures on the science of Animal Locomotion in Zoopraxographical Hall, built especially for this purpose in the way "Plaisance arm" of the exhibition. Zoopraxiscope He used his movement to show your picture to a paying audience, making the Hall's first commercial movie theater [4].
William Kennedy Laurie Dickson chief engineer of the Edison Laboratories, is credited with the invention of a possible form of a celluloid strip containing a sequence of images, the basis of a method photographing and projecting moving images. [Citation needed blocks] Celluloid were thinly sliced, then removed with heated pressure plates. After that, they were coated with a photosensitive gelatin emulsion. [Citation needed] In 1893, the Chicago World's Fair, Thomas Edison introduced the public to two inventions basis of this pioneering innovation, Kinetograph – the first practical motion picture camera – And the Kinetoscope. The latter was a cabinet in which a continuous cycle Dickson celluloid film (powered by an electric motor) back lit by an incandescent lamp and seen through a magnifying lens. The viewer of the displayed image through a part of the eye. Kinetoscope halls were provided with excerpts from movies photographed by Dickson fifty meters in "Edison's Black Maria studio" (Pronounced as "ma-RYE-ah"). These sequences recorded mundane events (such as Fred Ott Sneeze, 1894) as well as entertainment acts like acrobats, artists music hall and boxing demonstrations.
Kinetoscope rooms soon spread successfully to Europe. Edison, however, never attempted to patent these instruments Across the Atlantic, since it relied so heavily on past experiences and innovations from Britain and Europe. This allowed the development of imitation, as the camera designed by a British electrician and scientific instrument maker Robert W. Paul and his partner Birt Acres.
Paul had the idea of displaying moving images to the public group, not just to individual viewers, and invented a film projector, giving his first public appearance in 1895. At the same time, in France, Auguste and Louis Lumière invented the cinematograph, a portable, three cameras in a single device:, printer and projector. At the end of 1895 Paris, father Antoine Lumière began film screenings provided to the paying public, beginning the general transformation of medium projection (Cook, 1990). They quickly became the main producers in Europe with its actualités as workers leaving the Lumière factory and comic vignettes like The Sprinkler Sprinkled (both 1895). Even Edison, initially dismissive of projection, joined the trend with the Vitascope within less six months. The first public presentation of the movie theater in Europe, however, belongs to Max and Emil Skladanowsky Berlin, who designed their devices "Bioscope" flickerfree a duplex construction, November 1 to 31 in 1895.
That same year, in May, the U.S., Eugene Augustin Laust Eidoloscope planned for your family Latham. But the first public viewing of the film is already due to Jean Aimé "Acme" Le Roy, a French photographer. On February 5, 1894, his 40th birthday, he presented his "wonderful film" for a group of businessmen around twenty show in New York City.
The films of the era were seen mainly through the store temporary spaces and traveling exhibitors or as acts in vaudeville programs. A film can be under a long minute and usually have a single scene, authentic or staged, of everyday life, a public event, a sporting event or slapstick. There was little or no technical film: no editing, and usually no camera movement, and flat, theatrical compositions. But the novelty of realistically moving photographs was enough for a film industry to mushroom before the end of the century, in countries around the world.
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The Weekly Watcher: March 5, 2010